Current Electricity Notes With JEE NEET MCQS Physics Class 12 CBSE Study Material Full Chapter Download pdf-Anand Classes
What Is the Electric Current and their types ?
The constant flow of charged particles in a circuit is called an electric current. The flow of electric current flows from higher electric potential to lower electric potential. The movement of an electron in the current flow is opposite to electric current. Below is the difference between AC and DC current.
- Direct current (DC): Here the flow of electric charge happens only in one direction. Used in cell phones, flashlights etc.
- Alternating current (AC): Unlike DC the flow of electric charge changes direction periodically. Example: The current supplied to offices and houses.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter Current Electricity
What Is Current?
Current is referred to the passing of charge through an area per unit of time. For the maintenance of a steady flow of current, it is to be ensured that the circuit is closed and the electric charge is influenced by an external source which moves them from a lower to higher potential energy. The work done to per unit charge to move the charge is known as electromotive force or emf.
Ohm’s Law
According to this law, the electric current flowing through a substance is proportional to the voltage across its ends. In most cases, the carriers of current are the electrons, and the rest types are ionic crystals, negative ions, electrolytic liquids, etc.
Drawbacks of Ohm’s Law
Every homogeneous conductor containing impurities obeys Ohm’s law, but there are certain drawbacks to it.
- If V depends on I in a non-linear manner, then the law fails.
- The relation between I and V depends upon the sign of V for the same absolute value of V.
- The relation between I and V is non-unique.
CBSE Class 12 Physics Revision Notes Chapter 3 Current Electricity PDF
What Are Kirchhoff’s Rules?
Kirchhoff has suggested two rules, which are:
- The Algebraic sum of all the changes in potential around the closed loop is zero.
- In a circuit elements junction, the sum of currents leaving the circuit is equal to the sum of currents entering it.
Potentiometer
It is a device to compare the potential difference. It can also be used to measure the internal resistance of a cell and in the comparison of two sources
Importantance of CBSE Class 12 Physics Notes Chapter 3 Current Electricity for Students
Frequently asked Questions on CBSE Class 12 Science: Current Electricity
What is ‘Electrical resistance’?
Resistance to electricity also known as electrical resistance, is a force that counteracts the flow of current.
What is a ‘Series connection’?
The definition of series connection in the dictionary is a circuit in which positive and negative cells are connected, thus increasing voltage.
What does the ‘Ohm’s law’ state?
Ohm’s law, description of the relationship between current, voltage, and resistance. The amount of steady current through a large number of materials is directly proportional to the potential difference, or voltage, across the materials.
Define Electric Current.
What is the relationship between the voltage, resistance and current?
Where V is the voltage in volts and measures the difference in electrical energy between 2 points on a circuit.
I is the current in amps and is the count of electrons passing a particular point per second
R is the resistance in ohms and controls the flow of electric current
Where is the Direct Current used?
Where is the Alternating Current used?
True or False. The electric current flows from higher electric potential to lower electric potential.
A hollow cylinder of length 3 m has inner and outer diameters of 4 mm and 8 mm, respectively. What is the resistance of the cylinder(specific resistance of the material = 2.2 × 10−8 Ωm)?
The resistance of the cylinder, R = 1.75 × 10−3Ω
In an experiment with the potentiometer, to measure the internal resistance of a cell. When it is shunted by 5Ω, the null point obtained is at 2 m from one end. When the cell is shunted by 20Ω, the null point is obtained at 3 m from the same end. What is the internal resistance of a cell?
The internal resistance of the cell is 4Ω.
The resistance of a wire is 8Ω. It is stretched in such a way that it experiences a longitudinal strain of 400%. What will be the new resistance?
The new resistance will be 200 Ω.
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